Browsing by Subject "acute coronary syndrome"
Now showing items 1-5 of 5
-
(2021)Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a clinically significant presentation of coronary heart disease. Genetic information has been proposed to improve prediction beyond well-established clinical risk factors. While polygenic scores (PS) can capture an individual's genetic risk for ACS, its prediction performance may vary in the context of diverse correlated clinical conditions. Here, we aimed to test whether clinical conditions impact the association between PS and ACS. Methods: We explored the association between 405 clinical conditions diagnosed before baseline and 9080 incident cases of ACS in 387 832 individuals from the UK Biobank. Results were replicated in 6430 incident cases of ACS in 177 876 individuals from FinnGen. Results: We identified 80 conventional (eg, stable angina pectoris and type 2 diabetes) and unconventional (eg, diaphragmatic hernia and inguinal hernia) associations with ACS. The association between PS and ACS was consistent in individuals with and without most clinical conditions. However, a diagnosis of stable angina pectoris yielded a differential association between PS and ACS. PS was associated with a significantly reduced (interaction P=2.87x10(-8)) risk for ACS in individuals with stable angina pectoris (hazard ratio, 1.163 [95% CI, 1.082-1.251]) compared with individuals without stable angina pectoris (hazard ratio, 1.531 [95% CI, 1.497-1.565]). These findings were replicated in FinnGen (interaction P=1.38x10(-6)). Conclusions: In summary, while most clinical conditions did not impact utility of PS for prediction of ACS, we found that PS was substantially less predictive of ACS in individuals with prevalent stable coronary heart disease. PS may be more appropriate for prediction of ACS in asymptomatic individuals than symptomatic individuals with clinical suspicion for coronary heart disease.
-
(2019)Background-There are limited data on how the combination of diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects cardiovascular outcomes as well as response to different P2Y(12) receptor antagonists, which represented the aim of the present investigation. Methods and Results-In this post hoc analysis of the PLATO (Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes) trial, which randomized acute coronary syndrome patients to ticagrelor versus clopidogrel, patients (n=15 108) with available DM and CKD status were classified into 4 groups: DM+/CKD+ (n=1058), DM+/CKD- (n=2748), DM-/CKD+ (n=2160), and DM-/CKD- (n=9142). The primary efficacy end point was a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke at 12 months. The primary safety end point was PLATO major bleeding. DM+/CKD+ patients had a higher incidence of the primary end point compared with DM-/CKD- patients (23.3% versus 7.1%; adjusted hazard ratio 2.22; 95% CI 1.88-2.63; P Conclusions-In acute coronary syndrome patients, a gradient of risk was observed according to the presence or absence of DM and CKD, with patients having both risk factors at the highest risk. Although the ischemic benefit of ticagrelor over clopidogrel was consistent in all subgroups, the absolute risk reduction was greatest in patients with both DM and CKD.
-
(2019)Objectives The aim was to assess the extent of coronary artery disease and revascularization using baseline SYNTAX Score (bSS) and residual SYNTAX Score (rSS) in patients with cardiogenic shock (CS) secondary to ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The prognostic impact of SYNTAX Score (SS) was evaluated and assessed for additive value over clinical risk scores. Background bSS and rSS have been proven to be useful in risk stratification in stable coronary artery disease as well as in acute coronary syndromes, but they have not been studied in STEMI related CS. Methods Patients from a multinational prospective study of CS were analyzed. The study population was divided into tertiles according to bSS. The Cox regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the predictive power of SS. Results Of the 61 studied patients, 85% were male and the mean age was 67 years. Median bSS was 22 (15-32) and rSS 7 (0-13). Ninety-day mortality was 43%. bSS had negative prognostic value in multivariable analysis (HR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01-1.10). However, additive value over clinical risk scores was limited. rSS was not associated with mortality, whereas post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) TIMI flow 3 of infarct-related artery (IRA) predicted better survival. Conclusions In STEMI related CS, the added value of bSS and rSS over clinical assessment and risk scores is limited. Our results suggest that while immediate PCI in order to restore blood flow to the IRA is essential, deferring the treatment of residual lesions does not seem to be associated with worse prognosis.
-
(2017)BACKGROUND Mortality in cardiogenic shock (CS) remains high. Early risk stratification is crucial to make adequate treatment decisions. OBJECTIVES This study sought to develop an easy-to-use, readily available risk prediction score for short-term mortality in patients with CS, derived from the IABP-SHOCK II (Intraaortic Balloon Pump in Cardiogenic Shock) trial. METHODS The score was developed using a stepwise multivariable regression analysis. RESULTS Six variables emerged as independent predictors for 30-day mortality and were used as score parameters: age > 73 years, prior stroke, glucose at admission >10.6 mmol/l (191 mg/dl), creatinine at admission >132.6 mmol/l (1.5 mg/dl), Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction flow grade 5 mmol/l. Either 1 or 2 points were attributed to each variable, leading to a score in 3 risk categories: low (0 to 2), intermediate (3 or 4), and high (5 to 9). The observed 30-day mortality rates were 23.8%, 49.2%, and 76.6%, respectively (p <0.0001). Validation in the IABP-SHOCK II registry population showed good discrimination with an area under the curve of 0.79. External validation in the CardShock trial population (n = 137) showed short-term mortality rates of 28.0% (score 0 to 2), 42.9% (score 3 to 4), and 77.3% (score 5 to 9; p <0.001) and an area under the curve of 0.73. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a stepwise increase in mortality between the different score categories (0 to 2 vs. 3 to 4: p = 0.04; 0 to 2 vs. 5 to 9: p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS The IABP-SHOCK II risk score can be easily calculated in daily clinical practice and strongly correlated with mortality in patients with infarct-related CS. It may help stratify patient risk for short-term mortality and might, thus, facilitate clinical decision making. (Intraaortic Balloon Pump in Cardiogenic Shock II [ IABP-SHOCK II]; NCT00491036) (J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 69: 1913-20) (C) 2017 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation.
-
(2016)Objectives Previous studies on the effect of statin adherence on cardiovascular events in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease have adjusted for time-dependent confounding, but potentially introduced bias into their estimates as adherence and confounders were measured simultaneously. We aimed to evaluate the effect when accounting for time-dependent confounding affected by previous adherence as well as time sequence between factors. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Finnish healthcare registers. Participants Women aged 45-64years initiating statin use for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in 2001-2004 (n=42807). Outcomes Acute cardiovascular event defined as a composite of acute coronary syndrome and acute ischaemic stroke was our primary outcome. Low-energy fractures were used as a negative control outcome to evaluate the healthy-adherer effect. Results During the 3-year follow-up, 474 women experienced the primary outcome event and 557 suffered a low-energy fracture. The causal HR estimated with marginal structural model for acute cardiovascular events for all the women who remained adherent (proportion of days covered 80%) to statin therapy during the previous adherence assessment year was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.65 to 0.94) when compared with everybody remaining non-adherent (proportion of days covered Conclusions Our study, which took into account the time dependence of adherence and confounders, as well as temporal order between these factors, is support for the concept that adherence to statins in women in primary prevention decreases the risk of acute cardiovascular events by about one-fifth in comparison to non-adherence. However, part of the observed effect of statin adherence on acute cardiovascular events may be due to the healthy-adherer effect.
