Browsing by Subject "federalism"

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Now showing items 1-6 of 6
  • Kuorikoski, Sanna (2002)
    I denna pro gradu avhandling utreds i vilken utsträckning den Europeiska unionen (EU) uppfyller kännetecknen för en federation och huruvida EU är på väg att utvecklas mot federalism. Ända sedan efterkrigstiden har det i EU pågått en politisk och akademisk diskussion om uppkomsten av en europeisk federation. Denna debatt är även mycket aktuell idag eftersom det anses att federalism kan vara en lösning till de problem som EU lider av. För tillfället har den Europeiska unionen ingen fast form, den är både inneffektiv och odemokratisk. Med hjälp av den federala modellen skulle man kunna skapa en klarare kompetensfördelning mellan unionen och dess medlemsstater, stärka medborgarnas ställning samt unionens demokratiska drag. Flera av problemen som de europeiska nationalstaterna traditionellt brottas med har blivit sådan till sin karaktär att de bättre kunde lösas av ett överstatligt samarbetsorgan såsom EU. Pro gradu avhandlingen är deskriptiv till sin karaktär och det mesta av materialet som använts finns i litteratur av olika slag som ansluter sig till ämnet. Den teoretiska referensramen utgår från olika författares, bl.a. William Rikers, definitioner på federala stater. Teoridelen förklarar vilka de centrala kännetecknen för federationer är. I den empiriska delen granskas huruvida dessa centrala kännetecken för federalism existerar inom EU och i vilken utsträckning de tillämpas inom unionen. Avhandlingens slutresultat visar att den Europeiska unionen uppfyller de centrala kännetecknen för uppkomsten av en federation och att unionen på många sätt redan är en federal helhet. I EU har medlemsstaterna till skillnad från federationer dock fortfarande en stark ställning och beluter om många viktiga frågor, som t.ex. utrikes- och säkerhetspolitiken, beskattningen och miljöpolitiken, vilka i federla stater sköts på federationsnivå, inte av medlemsstaterna. För att EU mera skulle likna en federation bör man för den skapa en grundlag, vilken mera exakt skulle definiera kompetensfördelningen mellan EU och dess medlemsstater. Dessutom borde det institutionella systemet och beslutfattningssystemet reformeras samt medborgarnas roll stärkas. Den Europeiska unionen är ingen federal stat och kommer möjligen aldrig att bli det heller. Unionen lider dock av brister som en federalisering kunde åtgärda. Det verkar som om problemen, utmaningarna, globaliseringen och internationaliseringen samt den framtida utvidgningen av unionen för den i riktning mot ett system med allt starkare federalal drag
  • Starodubtsev, Andrey (Routledge, 2018)
    How do Russian leaders balance the need to decentralize governance in a socially and politically complex country with the need to guarantee political control of the state? Since the early 2000s Russian federal authorities have arranged a system of political control on regional elites and their leaders, providing a "police control" of special bodies subordinated by the federal center on policy implementation in the regions. Different mechanisms of fiscal federalism and investment policy have been used to ensure regional elites’ loyalty and a politically centralized but administratively decentralized system has been created. Asking clear, direct, and theoretically informed questions about the relationship between federalism, decentralization and authoritarianism, this book explores the political survival of authoritarian leaders, the determinants of policy formulation, and theories of federalism and decentralization, to reach a new understanding of territorial governance in contemporary Russia. As such, it is an important work for students and researchers in Russian studies and regional and federal studies.
  • Starodubtsev, Andrei (Routledge, 2018)
    Studies in Contemporary Russia
    How do Russian leaders balance the need to decentralize governance in a socially and politically complex country with the need to guarantee political control of the state? Since the early 2000s Russian federal authorities have arranged a system of political control on regional elites and their leaders, providing a "police control" of special bodies subordinated by the federal center on policy implementation in the regions. Different mechanisms of fiscal federalism and investment policy have been used to ensure regional elites’ loyalty and a politically centralized but administratively decentralized system has been created. Asking clear, direct, and theoretically informed questions about the relationship between federalism, decentralization and authoritarianism, this book explores the political survival of authoritarian leaders, the determinants of policy formulation, and theories of federalism and decentralization, to reach a new understanding of territorial governance in contemporary Russia. As such, it is an important work for students and researchers in Russian studies and regional and federal studies.
  • Lundstedt, Tero (2020)
    All 15 former Soviet Republics share a unique federal history with a particular understanding of the right to self-determination. Moreover, seven of them were federalised during the Soviet era, amounting to a major challenge to their territorial integrity after independence. While these states confronted their minorities in different ways, the Russian solution to its inherited national question has been the most comprehensive. This has made Russian understanding on self-determination essentially different from the mainstream of the international community, which in turn explains Russian persistent objections over the Kosovo independence (2008) and partly clarifies the events in Georgia (2008) and Crimea (2014). This article analyses how the former Soviet Republics coped with the transformation from the ethnofederal state to independence. The focus will be on Russia as the most affected of them and on the persistent Soviet legacy in its interpretations of self-determination and, consequently, its policies towards its post-Soviet neighbours.
  • Seppälä, Jussi (2004)
    This licentiate thesis analyses the first Finnish intergovernmental conference (IGC), resulting in the Treaty of Amsterdam. The study covers Finnish policy regarding the development of the common foreign and security policy (CFSP), and in particular the development of the Union as a foreign and security political actor. The theoretical assumption of the study is that the two basic elements of the Union, federalism and intergovernmentalism, offer a relevant point of departure for studying this question. This assumption is deemed to be valid both in general as well as in the empirical case study of Finnish policy. On the one hand, the direction of foreign policy and defence largely defines the development of the Union from the point of view of federalism and intergovernmentalism. On the other hand, foreign policy and defence are the core questions that test the willingness of countries to surrender their sovereignty to the EU, thereby defining the member states' orientation towards federalism and intergovernmentalism. The main empirical goal of the study was to ascertain how federal or intergovernmental the Finnish policy was, particularly in developing the CFSP. Using a four-scale classification (strictly intergovernmental, closer to intergovernmental, closer to federal, and purely federal) of Finnish general EU goals, general CFSP goals and IGC goals, clear results are found. Finnish policy shifted markedly from positions closer to intergovernmentalism to closer to federal, in some respects even further towards federalism. Firstly, concerning qualified majority voting, the dominance of the intergovernmental unanimity principle ceased to be the Finnish objective, but decisions by majority were seen as a necessity instead. Even more importantly, the acceptance of a potential defence core during 1996 indicated a new approach, which saw the interests of Finland as largely identical to those of a federalizing Union. It is shown that the role of Prime Minister Lipponen was pivotal in this development. The main empirical sources have been official public documents and an extensive press material. This manuscript should also be read as the first draft of a doctoral thesis covering Finnish CFSP policy more extensively towards the present day.