Raunio, Anne; Schulman, Anna; Kontula, Tytti (Finnish Environment Institute, 2008)
Suomen ympäristö 8/2008
This publication introduces the results of the first assessment of threatened habitat types in Finland, which was conducted between 2005 and 2007. The objective was to provide a complete description of the current state of the habitat types found in Finland, their development during recent decades, and the threats they are likely to face in the near future. The assessment was conducted by broad-based expert groups that consisted of over 80 specialists in ecology, hydrobiology, forest science, geology, geography, and other fields of expertise, from various research institutes, universities, and administrative bodies. The project was coordinated by the Finnish Environment Institute.
The project studied all habitat types that are found in Finland. They were divided into seven main groups: The Baltic Sea and its coast, inland waters and shores, mires, forests, rocky habitats, traditional rural biotopes, the fell area.
The concept habitat type has been defined as follows: A habitat type refers to spatially definable land or aquatic areas with characteristic environmental conditions and biota which are similar between these areas but differ from areas of other habitat types. The environmental factors include e.g. soil, climate, and topography. The characteristics of the biota include the composition of typical species and their relative abundances. The concept habitat type can refer to varying units which differ in the size or degree of internal variation. In addition to the habitat types, the most commonly occurring habitat complexes have been taken into consideration in the assessment.
No comprehensive and established list or classification system of the various habitat types existed for the needs of the assessment. The classifications that suited the needs of the assessment were chosen or created for each of the seven main habitat groups during the project. A total of 381 habitat types and habitat complexes were assessed, and the information was sufficient on 368 habitat types for which the Red List Categories were defined. Built-up, cultivated, and other habitat types that have been greatly changed by human activity were not included in the assessment. Some of these environments may, however, offer valuable habitats for species of the threatened habitat types. The significance of such substitute habitats is considered briefly in this publication, even though they were not included in the assessment.
The second part of the final report (Suomen ympäristö 8/2008, part 2) includes descriptions, general distribution maps, and photographs of the assessed habitat types. Habitat type -specific grounds for the results of the assessment are also provided.