TY - T1 - A Research Note : Happiness by Age is More Complex than U-Shaped SN - / UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10138/234224 T3 - A1 - Laaksonen, Seppo Sakari A2 - PB - Y1 - 2018 LA - eng AB - Happiness varies with age, but there is no general agreement regarding the feature of the variation. Many studies have found that it is U-shaped such that there is a minimum between approximately 40 and 50 years of age. The result largely depends on the control variables used in the happiness modeling. Some authors do not even allow the use of any control variables, but the conventional theory of U-shaped studies stipulates the inclusion of such controls that essentially influence the basic livi... VO - IS - SP - OP - KW - 5141 Sociology; Control variables; Cross-sectional happiness; European Social Survey; Linear regression; Three age variables N1 - PP - ER -