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T1  - Combining range and phenology shifts offers a winning strategy for boreal Lepidoptera 
SN  -  / 1461-023X 
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10138/332758 
T3  - Ecology Letters 24: 1619-1632 
A1  - Hällfors, Maria H.; Pöyry, Juha; Heliölä, Janne; Kohonen, Ilmari; Kuussaari, Mikko; Leinonen, Reima; Schmucki, Reto; Sihvonen, Pasi; Saastamoinen, Marjo 
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PB  - Blackwell Science 
Y1  - 2021 
LA  - en 
AB  - Species can adapt to climate change by adjusting in situ or by dispersing to new areas, and these strategies may complement or enhance each other. Here, we investigate temporal shifts in phenology and spatial shifts in northern range boundaries for 289 Lepidoptera species by using long-term data sampled over two decades. While 40% of the species neither advanced phenology nor moved northward, nearly half (45%) used one of the two strategies. The strongest positive population trends were observed... 
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KW  - climate change strategies; distribution; global change; life-history events; range shifts; phenology; boreal Lepidoptera; Lepidoptera; perhoset; hyönteiset; leviäminen; sopeutuminen; ilmastonmuutokset; strategiat; Lepidoptera 
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