TY  -  
T1  - Low schoolwork engagement and schoolwork difficulties predict smoking in adolescence? 
SN  -  /  
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10138/299661 
T3  -  
A1  - Minkkinen, Jaana L.; Kinnunen, Jaana M.; Karvonen, Sakari; Hotulainen, Risto H.; Lindfors, Pirjo L.; Rimpelä, Arja H. 
A2  -  
PB  -  
Y1  - 2019 
LA  - eng 
AB  - Low academic achievement has been associated with smoking but factors behind this association are poorly known. Such factors could include schoolwork disengagement and schoolwork difficulties. To assess the extent to which they contribute to the explanation of how health inequalities emerge, we study in a longitudinal design whether these have an independent effect on smoking or whether their effect is mediated through academic achievement. Longitudinal data were collected in the Helsinki metrop... 
VO  -  
IS  -  
SP  -  
OP  -  
KW  - 516 Educational sciences; 515 Psychology; STUDENT ENGAGEMENT; ACHIEVEMENT; BEHAVIORS; VALIDITY; HEALTH 
N1  -   
PP  -  
ER  -