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T1  - Over 25 Years of Pediatric Botulinum Toxin Treatments : What Have We Learned from Injection Techniques, Doses, Dilutions, and Recovery of Repeated Injections? 
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UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10138/320825 
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A1  - Sätilä, Heli 
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Y1  - 2020 
LA  - eng 
AB  - Botulinum toxin type A (BTXA) has been used for over 25 years in the management of pediatric lower and upper limb hypertonia, with the first reports in 1993. The most common indication is the injection of the triceps surae muscle for the correction of spastic equinus gait in children with cerebral palsy. The upper limb injection goals include improvements in function, better positioning of the arm, and facilitating the ease of care. Neurotoxin type A is the most widely used serotype in the pedia... 
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KW  - botulinum toxin type A; cerebral palsy; injection techniques; dosage; dilution; motor endplate targeted injections; muscle atrophy; repeated injections; MANUAL NEEDLE PLACEMENT; SPASTIC CEREBRAL-PALSY; LOWER-LIMB SPASTICITY; NEUROTOXIN TYPE-A; NERVE DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; ACQUIRED BRAIN INJURY; GASTROCNEMIUS-MUSCLE; DOUBLE-BLIND; UPPER EXTREMITY; 3112 Neurosciences 
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