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T1  - Smoking and progression of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes 
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UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10138/224117 
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A1  - Feodoroff, Maija; Harjutsalo, Valma; Forsblom, Carol; Thorn, Lena; Waden, Johan; Tolonen, Nina; Lithovius, Raija; Groop, Per-Henrik 
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Y1  - 2016 
LA  - eng 
AB  - To evaluate the effect of cumulative smoking on the development of diabetic nephropathy. Study included 3613 patients with type 1 diabetes, participating in the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study. The 12-year cumulative risk of microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) was estimated for current, ex- and nonsmokers. Cox regression analyses, with multivariable adjustments for other risk factors for diabetic nephropathy, were used to evaluate the risk at different stages... 
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KW  - Type 1 diabetes; Diabetic nephropathy; Microalbuminuria; Macroalbuminuria; End-stage renal disease; Smoking; Smoking cessation; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; RISK-FACTORS; MICROALBUMINURIA; COMPLICATIONS; MACROALBUMINURIA; ALBUMINURIA; MELLITUS; COHORT; 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine; 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health 
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